Description
Growth hormone release is vital for overall bodily growth & development, as well as other therapeutic activities such as maintaining an effective metabolism. While individual peptides stimulating the secretion of growth hormones are available, combining specific peptides may produce a highly effective and longer-lasting impact, ultimately yielding additional health benefits. Modified GRF 1-29 is a synthetic peptide composed of 29 amino acids. As an analog of the naturally occurring growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), the structure is slightly altered with the intention of providing more stable groups to replace the original four amino acids – hence, it is called Modified GRF 1-29 peptide (Mod GRF 1-29).(1) Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide, falling under the growth hormone secretagogues (GHSR) agonist category. Fragment 176-191, as the name implies, is a small ‘fragment’ of the human growth hormone (hGH), also referred to as the “fat-burning peptide” for its potential in that area.(2) Fragment 176-191 peptide, composed of 15 amino acids 177 to 191 found in hGH, is also known as AOD 9604.(3) Combining these peptides may hold the potential to not only regulate growth hormone levels in the body but also increase fat metabolism, reduce aging, and improve cardiac and intestinal health, amongst others.
Chemical Makeup(1) (3) (4)
Molecular formula
Modified GRF 1-29: C152H252N44O42
Ipamorelin: C38H49N9O5
Fragment 176-191: C78H125N23O23S2
Molecular weight
Modified GRF 1-29: 3367.9 g/mol
Ipamorelin: 711.9 g/mol
Fragment 176-191: 1817.12 g/mol
Other known titles
Modified GRF 1-29
- CJC 1295 Without DAC
- Mod GRF (1-29)
Ipamorelin
- Ipamorelin Acetate
- IPA
Fragment 176-191
- AOD 9604
- Human GH (hGH) lipolytic fragment
- Somatostatin (177-191), tyrosyl
Research
Fragment 176-191 & Modified GRF 1-29 & Ipamorelin Blend, and Lipolytic Effects
In one study,(2) obese experimental mice were subjected to peptide administration for two consecutive weeks. After the completion of the study, it was noted that there appeared to be a significant reduction in the body weight of these mice, including a reduction of excess body lipids. These results were deemed correlated to the increased concentration of the lipolytic ß3-AR receptors, indicating the peptides may work via the beta-adrenergic pathway. Further studies were conducted on the experimental mice with knocked-out lipolytic receptors. The peptide-administered mice showed considerable weight loss, suggesting that the peptide does not depend on the lipolytic receptors to exert its effects. Instead, it may produce the fat-burning impact via energy expenditure and fat oxidation. As per M Heffernan and his team, “this study demonstrates that the lipolytic actions of both hGH and AOD9604 are not mediated directly through the beta(3)-AR although both compounds increase beta(3)-AR expression, which may subsequently contribute to enhanced lipolytic sensitivity.”(2)
Fragment 176-191 & Modified GRF 1-29 & Ipamorelin Blend, and GSHs, GHRHs
To examine the safety and efficacy profile of the growth hormone secretagogues and growth hormone-releasing peptides in humans, one study(5) was conducted in healthy human volunteers. All these candidates were subjected to different doses of peptides and monitored for any physiological changes. After completing this study, it was suggested that these peptides appeared to yield various bodily changes, including enhanced body growth, increased hunger, improved lean body mass, improved sleep cycle, and reduced bone turnover in obese patients. While researchers of this study reported that these peptides are overall “safe” for humans, a further examination must be conducted to validate this claim. These peptides were reported to “increase lean body mass, reduce fat mass, increase exercise tolerance and maximum oxygen uptake, enhance muscle strength, and improve linear growth. Long-term studies of GH administration offer conflicting results regarding its safety…”(5)
Fragment 176-191 & Modified GRF 1-29 & Ipamorelin Blend, and Fat Burning
In 2004, a massive clinical trial(6) was launched, consisting of 300 obese patients. All these patients were administered the Fragment 176-191 peptide for 12 consecutive weeks. All patients were divided into 6 groups – one group was administered with saline placebo, and the rest were administered with different peptide doses. After 12 weeks, when the patients were examined, the group administered the minor peptide dose appeared to exhibit the highest reduction in their body weight (up to an average of 2.8 kilograms). Moreover, the trial also suggested that the peptide may have helped to improve these candidates’ cholesterol profiles and glucose tolerance levels. As per Chris Belyea, CEO of the company, “The evidence from the trial is that over 12 weeks AOD9604 induces competitive weight loss with accompanying health benefits at a low dose and has superior tolerability.” The studies indicated that “longer-term human clinical trials for worldwide marketing approval as a prescription treatment” may be conducted next since the peptide appears to hold potential as an anti-obese medication.
Fragment 176-191 & Modified GRF 1-29 & Ipamorelin Blend, and Regeneration
In one 2015 study,(7) 32 experimental rabbits were enrolled and divided into four groups of eight. All four groups were administered with placebo, Fragment 176-191 peptide, hyaluronic acid, or a combination of the peptide and hyaluronic acid. This study was conducted for approximately 7 weeks. After the completion of the study, all rabbits were examined for cartilage damage. Among all groups, the rabbits treated with peptide and hyaluronic acid combination appeared to exhibit minor cartilage degeneration. These results suggest that the peptide may have the capability to enhance cartilage regeneration and repair. The report concluded that “Intra-articular AOD9604 [administration] using ultrasound guidance enhanced cartilage regeneration, and combined AOD9604 and HA [administration] were more effective than HA or AOD9604 [doses] alone in the collagenase-induced knee OA rabbit model.”(7)
Fragment 176-191 & Modified GRF 1-29 & Ipamorelin Blend, and Sleep Cycle
Studies(8) have indicated that the amount of growth hormones secreted in the body affects the deep non-REM sleep cycle (NREMS) on a daily basis. Administering the peptide blend of Fragment 176-191, Ipamorelin, and Modified GRF 1-29 peptides may not only help increase the secretion of growth hormones in the body but may also impact the sleep cycle. According to the researchers, “Mutant and transgenic animals with a defect in GHRHergic activity display permanently reduced NREMS, which cannot be reversed by means of GH supplementation. GHRH contents and mRNA levels in the hypothalamus correlate with sleep-wake activity during the diurnal cycle and sleep deprivation and recovery sleep. Stimulation of NREMS by GHRH is a hypothalamic action. GABAergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic region are candidates for mediating promotion of NREMS by GHRH.”(8) While this scientific research indicates how beneficial and therapeutic the peptide blend may be, note that further studies are yet to be conducted to understand the peptide role and safety levels fully. The peptide blend currently available in the market is for research and educational purposes only.
References
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 91976842, CJC1295 Without DAC. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/CJC1295-Without-DAC.
- Heffernan M, Summers RJ, Thorburn A, Ogru E, Gianello R, Jiang WJ, Ng FM. The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice. Endocrinology. 2001 Dec;142(12):5182-9. doi: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8522. PMID: 11713213. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11713213/
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Substance Record for SID 319360420, 386264-39-7, Source: ToxPlanet. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/319360420
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 9831659, Ipamorelin. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ipamorelin.
- Sigalos, John T, and Alexander W Pastuszak. “The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues.” Sexual medicine reviews vol. 6,1 (2018): 45-53. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.02.004 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5632578/
- News, Medical and Life Sciences, Obesity drug codenamed AOD 9604 highly successful in trials, 16 December 2004, https://www.news-medical.net/news/2004/12/16/6878.aspx.
- Kwon DR, Park GY. Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2015 Summer;45(4):426-32. PMID: 26275694. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26275694/
- Obal F Jr, Krueger JM. GHRH and sleep. Sleep Med Rev. 2004 Oct;8(5):367-77. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2004.03.005. PMID: 15336237. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15336237/
NOTE: These products are intended for laboratory research use only. Fragment 176-191 & Modified GRF 1-29 & Ipamorelin Blend for sale (12mg) is not intended for personal use. Please review and adhere to our Terms and Conditions before ordering.
Dr. Marinov (MD, Ph.D.) is a researcher and chief assistant professor in Preventative Medicine & Public Health. Prior to his professorship, Dr. Marinov practiced preventative, evidence-based medicine with an emphasis on Nutrition and Dietetics. He is widely published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals and specializes in peptide therapy research.
