Thymalin (25mg)

Thymalin Peptide

Thymalin is a polypeptide isolated from the thymus gland, believed by researchers to help regulate immune functions.⁽²⁾ Studies have suggested that Thymalin, a naturally occurring polypeptide, is primarily found in the young epidermal cells of the thymus gland. With increasing age, the levels of Thymalin decrease, eventually becoming thinned out and non-uniform in nature.⁽⁵⁾

Natural thymic peptides such as Thymalin were first isolated from the thymus gland via a mild acid extraction process. Upon further isolation studies, the proposed immunomodulatory molecule composed by Thymalin (L-Glu-L-Trp) was discovered and researched. This dipeptide molecule in Thymalin may possibly play a role in the peptide mechanism.⁽⁴⁾

While both Thymalin and Thymulin are naturally occurring thymic factors, their mode of action is hypothesized by researchers to different, where Thymalin is a polypeptide that may regulate thymic functions at optimal levels, the Thymulin appears to be a zinc-dependent nonapeptide hormone that may possibly enhance the thymic functions in fighting T-cell suppression.

Overview

A study was conducted to understand the functioning on both natural and synthetic thymic peptides.⁽⁶⁾ The compounds studied were Thymalin (natural polypeptide), Thymogen (synthetic peptide) and Vilon (its derived dipeptide).

The study suggested that all the peptides within this thymic family appear to function via possibly stimulating thymic functions i.e., differentiation of T-cells, induced changes in the nucleotides and cytokine cells and secretion of lymphocytes. The other significant hypothesis made during this study was that the naturally occurring peptide, Thymalin, may potentially stimualte the antioxidant responses, whereas the two synthetic analogues did not appear to the researchers to alter these responses.
 

Research and Clinical Studies

Thymalin and Carcinogenesis

In this study,⁽⁷⁾ 76 female rats of 5 months of age were selected. The main aim of this study was to determine the potential of Thymalin on the tumor development and thereby survival rates of the test models. The rats were divided into two groups, where 32 rats were presented with saline, and the remaining rats were presented with Thymalin. The compounds were introduced to the test subjects 5x a week for one year. All rats were monitored for mortality rates and development of tumors throughout the one-year period. The study results reported that the average lifespan in the control group was 949 days whereas in the peptide group was 1048 days. The "aging rate" was reported as 0.0071 days in the control group and 0.0041 in the peptide group. What's more, the tumor incidence reportedly decreased by 1.5x in the peptide group as compared to the control group.

Thymalin and Viral Infection

In this clinical study,⁽⁸ 50 female test subjects with HHV 1 and a group of control subjects were examined. All the subjects were presented with the peptide for a period of 2 months. Before and after the study, peripheral blood cell tissues were collected from the subjects and examined to monitor the cytokine levels upon peptide presentation. Upon analysis, it was determined that compared to the control group, the cytokine levels were elevated in a higher proportion in the HHV 1 group. The levels of cytokines CD4+ and CD8+ were reportedly elevated in the HHV 1 group as compared to the congrol. Additionally researchers reported that after a two-month period, no reactivation of the HHV 1 virus was reported in the test group.

Thymalin and Toxic Goiter

In this clinical study,⁽⁹⁾ 104 test subjects with mild Diffuse Toxic Goiter (DTG) were enrolled, and their levels of medium weight molecular peptides and lipid oxidation rates were monitored. The main aim of this study was to establish the potential of Thymalin in interacting with DTG. The test subjects were divided into five groups where each group was presented with an external compound, a combination of Thymalin and an external compound, or the peptide alone. Following the study, it was reported that a combination of compounds and Thymalin exhibited mitigation of DTG symptoms in the test subjects.

Thymalin and Lympholeukemia

In this clinical study,⁽¹²⁾ test subjects with chronic lymphoid leukemia were enrolled in the inclusion study composed of specific and nonspecific immune correction action, namely Thymalin presentation and plasmapheresis, respectively. Compared to the sole impact of chemotherapeutic agents, this combined presentation apparently resulted in a reported increase in physiological functioning within a short period.

Thymalin and Geroprotection

In this test study,⁽¹³⁾ the geroprotective potential of Thymalin (thymic peptide) and Epithalamin (pineal peptide) were studied on 266 mature test subjects for a period of 6 to 8 years. The subjects were presented with the peptides for the first 2 to 3 years and were then monitored on a regular basis. The subjects were divided into several groups: Group I was presented with Thymalin, Group II with Epithalamin, Group III with both peptides and a separate group where test subjects were presented with both peptides at a different concentration rate. The peptides were presented to the test models annually for 6 years. The studies suggested that basic functions improved significantly upon study under both the peptides, including cardiovascular, neurological, immunological functions and that the peptide possibly improved rates of metabolism and hemostasis.

Thymalin peptide is available for research and laboratory purposes only. Please review and adhere to our Terms and Conditions before ordering.

References:

1. Disorders of the Immune system. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/disorders-of-the-immune-system
2. Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, Polyakova VO, Drobintseva AO, Kvetnaia TV, Ivko OM. Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2020 Nov;170(1):118-122. doi: 10.1007/s10517-020-05016-z. Epub 2020 Nov 25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33237528/
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5. Khlystova, Z.S., Kalinina, I.I., Shmeleva, S.P. et al. Age-Related Changes of Thymalin Content in Human Epidermis. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 133, 620–622 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020214816056
6. V.G. Morozov, V.Kh. Khavinson, Natural and synthetic thymic peptides as therapeutics for immune dysfunction, International Journal of Immunopharmacology, Volume 19, Issues 9–10, 1997, Pages 501-505. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0192056197000581
7. Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Morozov VG. Immunomodulatory synthetic dipeptide L-Glu-L-Trp slows down aging and inhibits spontaneous carcinogenesis in rats. Biogerontology. 2000;1(1):55-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11707921/
8. Hymos A, Grywalska E, Klatka J, Klatka M, Korona-Głowniak I, Roliński J. ThymicPeptides Reverse Immune Exhaustion in Patients with Reactivated Human Alphaherpesvirus1 Infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 30;21(7):2379. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32235584/
9. Iangolenko VV. The effect of combined therapy with the use of thymalin and piracetam on the level of middle-molecule peptides in the blood and on the lipid peroxidation activity in patients with diffuse toxic goiter. Ter Arkh. 1991;63(10):60-3. Russian. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1725225/
10. Khavinson, V., Linkova, N., Dyatlova, A., Kuznik, B., & Umnov, R. (2020). Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(19), 4389. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194389
11. Khavinson, V. K., Linkova, N. S., Kvetnoy, I. M., Polyakova, V. O., Drobintseva, A. O., Kvetnaia, T. V., & Ivko, O. M. (2020). Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 170(1), 118–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-020-05016-z
12. Tretiak NN, Babenko TF, Gaĭdukova SN, Zverkova AS, The efficacy of using thymalin and plasmapheresis in the combined treatment of patients with chronic lympholeukemia. Lik Sprava. 1998 Mar-Apr;(2):93-6. Russian. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9670669/
13. Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003 Jun-Aug;24(3-4):233-40. PMID: 14523363. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523363/
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16. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3085284, Nonathymulin" PubChem, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nonathymulin